• Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics

  2021-07-06

  

  Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics to paint a more complete picture of developmental Erk signaling? For now, the authors have dynamically manipulated Erk signaling but measured the Erk output at steady-state using classic immunofluorescence techniques (Johnson and Toettcher

• It is well known that acrolein a

  2021-07-06

  

  It is well known that acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, is responsible for the cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and that acrolein is capable of activating TRPA1 channels expressed in the capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents [2], [11]. In this context, it is likely that the early phase o

• We should also note that although AOAA

  2021-07-06

  

  We should also note that, although AOAA is not a specific H2S inhibitor, its inhibitory effect on l-cysteine-induced relaxations are related to H2S since addition of AOAA to another H2S inhibitor PAG did not provide a further inhibition of these relaxations in penile tissue [37]. In our study, the c

• The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route

  2021-07-06

  

  The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO

• In this study we investigated whether the Ednra

  2021-07-06

  

  In this study, we investigated whether the Ednra signaling is involved in Hoxa9/Meis1-mediated leukemogenesis. We found an upregulation of Ednra in leukemic murine bone marrow (BM) DPQ mg overexpressing Hoxa9 and Meis1 compared to cells overexpressing Hoxa9 alone. We showed that overexpression of Ed

• The expression of EBI has been found to be dysregulated

  2021-07-06

  

  The expression of EBI2 has been found to be dysregulated in several types of B cell malignancies and is thus reduced in e.g. diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [12] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [13] and increased in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) [14]. EBI2 is also highly

• One of the hallmarks of the terminal stages of apoptosis

  2021-07-05

  

  One of the hallmarks of the terminal stages of apoptosis is the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA that proceeds in a two-step manner: the DNA is initially cleaved into 50–300kb fragments and eventually into oligonucleosomal pieces [12], [13]. The two major apoptotic nucleases are DNA fragmentation fa

• The first example of a

  2021-07-05

  

  The first example of a broadly-acting antiviral drug is ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue that was proposed to act directly at the level of the viral polymerase, although an indirect effect via inhibition of the host-cell IMP dehydrogenase and depletion of the GTP pool seems more plausible [9]. Anoth

• Multivariate models take interactions between cytokines into

  2021-07-05

  

  Multivariate models take interactions between cytokines into account and were used to accurately distinguish samples from different time points in pregnancy. The distinction accuracy did not increase with increasing time between the gestational time points, indicating that the cytokine development d

• The large body of structural knowledge

  2021-07-05

  

  The large body of structural knowledge that is currently available for CRM1 has contributed to atomic level and mechanistic understanding of many steps in the CRM1 nuclear export cycle. However, structural analysis could still inform on several outstanding questions and guide future discoveries per

• Opiate withdrawal promotes the activation of the corticotrop

  2021-07-05

  

  Opiate withdrawal promotes the activation of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, a major coordinator of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stressors. For instance, early (8–48 h) morphine withdrawal is associated with increased CRF mRNA expression in the central nucleus of the a

• CPG a metalloenzyme derived from sp was the

  2021-07-05

  

  CPG2, a metalloenzyme derived from sp., was the elected enzyme for the first pilot-scale clinical trial of ADEPT. This enzyme has no mammalian homologue and activates glutamic BKM120 prodrug derivatives of several nitrogen mustards alkylating agents., , , , , A bond cleavable by CPG2 is essential

• Our results on the acute effects of THC on resting

  2021-07-05

  

  Our results on the acute effects of THC on resting state rock pathway function are in line with previous neuroimaging findings. Increased perfusion after THC administration in insular and prefrontal regions has previously been reported in smaller samples (Mathew et al., 1997, Mathew et al., 2002, va

• The underlying assumption of consolidation re consolidation

  2021-07-05

  

  The underlying assumption of consolidation/re-consolidation is that the AZD-4547 activity initiated during the acquisition trial/re-consolidation trial continues to persist briefly after completion of the trial and it is during this post-trial period that immediate post-trial treatments can influenc

• The present study showed evidence that the AT and the

  2021-07-05

  

  The present study showed evidence that the AT1 and the ETA receptors were not expressed near or on the plasma membrane as monomers, but also as possibly constitutive dimers and tetramers. For both receptors, the proportion of monomers, dimers and tetramers were unaffected by their respective agonist

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